Maximum Depth of Binary Tree
TIME: O(n)
SPACE: O(n)
Problem Statement
Given the root of a binary tree, return its maximum depth. A binary tree's maximum depth is the number of nodes along the longest path from the root node down to the farthest leaf node.
Real Engineering Applications
In production systems, this concept directly maps to caching index layers, route lookups optimizations, compiler scope parsing validations, and multi-thread dependency schedulers.
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